{
 "about": "What each word after a medicine's name on a label means, for every salt, ester, water and other word the thisdrug decoder sets aside before reading a stem (SALT_WORDS in js/decode.js). One row per word: what the word names chemically, its other spellings, a real name that carries it, and the WHO document the reading comes from. Names only: a row says what a word is, never why a form was made or how forms differ in the body.",
 "checked": "2026-09-24",
 "kinds": {
  "acid-part": "salt or ester word: names the acid the medicine is joined with",
  "base-part": "salt word: names the metal or base the medicine is joined with",
  "water": "water word: says how much water is bound into the solid",
  "ester": "ester group: names the group joined onto the medicine's acid or alcohol",
  "inn-word": "part of the name itself: WHO or FDA builds it into the name",
  "shorthand": "shorthand: an abbreviation, not an official name word"
 },
 "sources": {
  "innm": {
   "title": "International Nonproprietary Names Modified",
   "document": "INN Working Document 05.167/3",
   "publisher": "World Health Organization, INN Programme",
   "url": "https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/innmreview-paperwkdoc167_feb06_3_.pdf",
   "checked": "2026-09-24"
  },
  "radicals": {
   "title": "International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances. Names for radicals, groups & others: comprehensive list",
   "document": "WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2015.1",
   "publisher": "World Health Organization, INN Programme",
   "url": "https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/radicalbook2015.pdf",
   "checked": "2026-09-24"
  },
  "bio": {
   "title": "International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for biological and biotechnological substances (a review)",
   "document": "WHO/MHP/HPS/INN/2022.02",
   "publisher": "World Health Organization, INN Programme",
   "url": "https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/inn-bio-review-2022.pdf",
   "checked": "2026-09-24"
  }
 },
 "words": [
  {
   "word": "acetate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt or ester of acetic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "glatiramer acetate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "section VI: desoxycortone acetate, zuclopenthixol acetate"
  },
  {
   "word": "acid",
   "kind": "inn-word",
   "meaning": "part of the INN when WHO named the substance as an acid; in its salts and esters the -ic acid becomes -ate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "-ate",
     "note": "valproic acid gives sodium valproate, clavulanic acid gives potassium clavulanate"
    }
   ],
   "example": "valproic acid",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 10"
  },
  {
   "word": "alfa",
   "kind": "inn-word",
   "meaning": "a Greek letter spelt in full, added as a second word to the INN of a glycosylated protein; letters go in Greek alphabetical order from alfa to tell glycosylation variants apart",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "alpha",
     "note": "WHO writes alfa, and not alpha"
    }
   ],
   "example": "epoetin alfa",
   "source": "bio",
   "where": "section 2.2 and Annex 4"
  },
  {
   "word": "anhydrous",
   "kind": "water",
   "meaning": "the solid carries no bound water",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "levopropoxyphene napsylate anhydrous",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "section IV: water in a substance is named by a word after the INN"
  },
  {
   "word": "aspartate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of aspartic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "amphetamine aspartate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8: English INNM = INN of the base + name of the anion"
  },
  {
   "word": "axetil",
   "kind": "ester",
   "meaning": "an ester with the group rac-1-(acetyloxy)ethyl, a short name WHO coined for it",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "cefuroxime axetil",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 17 (table) and para. 19: cefuroxim axetil"
  },
  {
   "word": "benzoate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt or ester of benzoic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "rizatriptan benzoate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "besilate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of benzenesulfonic acid; besilate is WHO's short name for benzenesulfonate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "besylate",
     "note": "US (USAN) spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "amlodipine besilate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry besilate (USAN: besylate); also INNM para. 7"
  },
  {
   "word": "besylate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of benzenesulfonic acid; the US spelling of WHO's besilate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "besilate",
     "note": "WHO (INN) spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "amlodipine besylate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry besilate (USAN: besylate)"
  },
  {
   "word": "beta",
   "kind": "inn-word",
   "meaning": "the second Greek letter, spelt in full as a second word of a glycosylated protein's INN; it marks the variant named after the alfa one",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "epoetin beta",
   "source": "bio",
   "where": "section 2.2 and Annex 4"
  },
  {
   "word": "bisulfate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of sulfuric acid in which one of its two acid hydrogens remains (hydrogen sulfate)",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "hydrogen sulfate",
     "note": "the chemical name of the same anion"
    }
   ],
   "example": "clopidogrel bisulfate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8: salts of inorganic acids follow inorganic nomenclature"
  },
  {
   "word": "bitartrate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of tartaric acid in which one of its two acid hydrogens remains (hydrogen tartrate)",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "hydrogen tartrate",
     "note": "the chemical name of the same anion"
    }
   ],
   "example": "hydrocodone bitartrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "bromide",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "the negative ion of the salt is bromide",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "aclidinium bromide",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 24: ipratropium bromide"
  },
  {
   "word": "butyrate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "an ester or salt of butyric (butanoic) acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "hydrocortisone butyrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 21: the INN of the alcohol stays and the acid becomes -ate"
  },
  {
   "word": "calcium",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "the calcium salt of a medicine that is itself the acid part",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "atorvastatin calcium",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "paras. 12-13: acamprosate calcium, mupirocin calcium"
  },
  {
   "word": "carbonate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of carbonic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "sevelamer carbonate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "chloride",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "the negative ion of the salt is chloride (usual for quaternary ammonium compounds and metals, where a base gives hydrochloride)",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "trospium chloride",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 24: benzododecinium chloride, gantacurium chloride"
  },
  {
   "word": "cilexetil",
   "kind": "ester",
   "meaning": "an ester with the group rac-1-{[(cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl]oxy}ethyl, a short name WHO coined for it",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "candesartan cilexetil",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 17 (table) and para. 19: sanfetrinem cilexetil"
  },
  {
   "word": "citrate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of citric acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "sildenafil citrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "dihydrate",
   "kind": "water",
   "meaning": "two molecules of water are bound to each molecule of the substance",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "oxytetracycline dihydrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 15"
  },
  {
   "word": "dihydrochloride",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt with two molecules of hydrochloric acid for each molecule of the base",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "pramipexole dihydrochloride",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8 and para. 17: di- counts two"
  },
  {
   "word": "dimesylate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt with two molecules of methanesulfonic acid for each molecule of the base",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "dimesilate",
     "note": "WHO (INN) spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "lisdexamfetamine dimesylate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry mesilate (USAN: mesylate); di- counts two"
  },
  {
   "word": "dipotassium",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "a salt with two potassium ions for each molecule of the medicine",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "dipotassium clorazepate",
     "note": "WHO order: the metal word comes first when the INN is an acid; US labels put it last"
    }
   ],
   "example": "clorazepate dipotassium",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 10: disodium tiludronate"
  },
  {
   "word": "dipropionate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "an ester with two propionic acid groups",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "beclomethasone dipropionate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 17: with two radicals the prefix di- goes before the radical name"
  },
  {
   "word": "disodium",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "a salt with two sodium ions for each molecule of the medicine",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "disodium pamidronate",
     "note": "WHO order puts the metal first; US labels put it last"
    }
   ],
   "example": "pamidronate disodium",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 10: disodium tiludronate"
  },
  {
   "word": "edisylate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid; the US spelling of WHO's edisilate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "edisilate",
     "note": "WHO (INN) spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "prochlorperazine edisylate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry edisilate (USAN: edisylate); also INNM para. 7"
  },
  {
   "word": "erbumine",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "a salt with the base 2-methylpropan-2-amine (tert-butylamine); erbumine is WHO's short name for it",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "perindopril erbumine",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "paras. 9 and 12: perindopril erbumine"
  },
  {
   "word": "esylate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of ethanesulfonic acid; the US spelling of WHO's esilate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "esilate",
     "note": "WHO (INN) spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "nintedanib esylate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry esilate (USAN: esylate)"
  },
  {
   "word": "ethyl",
   "kind": "ester",
   "meaning": "an ethyl ester: the acid of the substance is joined with ethanol",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "icosapent ethyl",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 18: an alkyl radical word names the ester (methyl palmoxirate, butyl flufenamate)"
  },
  {
   "word": "fumarate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of fumaric acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "quetiapine fumarate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "gluconate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of gluconic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "quinidine gluconate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "hcl",
   "kind": "shorthand",
   "meaning": "HCl is the chemical formula of hydrogen chloride; lists and labels write it as shorthand for hydrochloride",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "hydrochloride",
     "note": "the word in the official name"
    }
   ],
   "example": "metformin HCl",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8: the official name spells out the acid (ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate, para. 16)"
  },
  {
   "word": "hemifumarate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt with one molecule of fumaric acid for every two molecules of the medicine",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "aliskiren hemifumarate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8; hemi- counts one half, as in hemihydrate (para. 15)"
  },
  {
   "word": "hemihydrate",
   "kind": "water",
   "meaning": "one molecule of water is bound for every two molecules of the substance",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "estradiol hemihydrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 15"
  },
  {
   "word": "heptahydrate",
   "kind": "water",
   "meaning": "seven molecules of water are bound to each unit of the substance",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "sodium phosphate, dibasic, heptahydrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 14: a Latin or Greek prefix gives the number of water molecules"
  },
  {
   "word": "hydrobromide",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of hydrobromic acid, formed with a base",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "dextromethorphan hydrobromide",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "hydrochloride",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of hydrochloric acid, formed with a base",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "HCl",
     "note": "shorthand on some lists and labels"
    }
   ],
   "example": "sertraline hydrochloride",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 16: ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate"
  },
  {
   "word": "hydrogen",
   "kind": "inn-word",
   "meaning": "marks an acid salt in which one acid hydrogen remains (hydrogen tartrate, hydrogen sulfate); the decoder keeps it in the name",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "bi-",
     "note": "the US form joins it to the anion: bitartrate, bisulfate"
    }
   ],
   "example": "sodium hydrogen carbonate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entries such as aceglumate (hydrogen N-acetyl-L-glutamate)"
  },
  {
   "word": "hyclate",
   "kind": "water",
   "meaning": "a hydrochloride that also carries ethanol and water: ethanol, hydrogen chloride and water in the ratio 0.5 : 1 : 0.5",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "doxycycline hyclate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "paras. 14 and 16: doxycycline hyclate"
  },
  {
   "word": "iodide",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "the negative ion of the salt is iodide",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "echothiophate iodide",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "paras. 8 and 23-24: the anion of a quaternary substance is named as a second word"
  },
  {
   "word": "lactate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of lactic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "milrinone lactate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 16: ethacridine lactate monohydrate"
  },
  {
   "word": "lactobionate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of lactobionic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "erythromycin lactobionate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "section VI: erythromycin lactobionate"
  },
  {
   "word": "lithium",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "the lithium salt of an acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "lithium carbonate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 9: a simple cation takes its usual chemical name"
  },
  {
   "word": "magnesium",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "the magnesium salt of a medicine that is itself the acid part",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "esomeprazole magnesium",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 10: magnesium valproate"
  },
  {
   "word": "malate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of malic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "sunitinib malate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "maleate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of maleic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "timolol maleate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8: timolol maleate"
  },
  {
   "word": "medoxomil",
   "kind": "ester",
   "meaning": "an ester with the group (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl, a short name WHO coined for it",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "olmesartan medoxomil",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry medoxomil"
  },
  {
   "word": "meglumine",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "a salt with the base meglumine (N-methylglucamine)",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "diatrizoate meglumine",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 11: gadopentate meglumine"
  },
  {
   "word": "mesilate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of methanesulfonic acid; mesilate is WHO's short name for methanesulfonate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "mesylate",
     "note": "US (USAN) spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "abanoquil mesilate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry mesilate (USAN: mesylate); also INNM para. 7"
  },
  {
   "word": "mesylate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of methanesulfonic acid; the US spelling of WHO's mesilate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "mesilate",
     "note": "WHO (INN) spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "imatinib mesylate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry mesilate (USAN: mesylate)"
  },
  {
   "word": "methyl",
   "kind": "ester",
   "meaning": "a methyl ester: the acid of the substance is joined with methanol",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "methyl aminolevulinate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 18: methyl palmoxirate"
  },
  {
   "word": "mofetil",
   "kind": "ester",
   "meaning": "an ester with the group 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl, a short name WHO coined for it",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "mycophenolate mofetil",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 18: mycophenolate mofetil"
  },
  {
   "word": "monohydrate",
   "kind": "water",
   "meaning": "one molecule of water is bound to each molecule of the substance",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "bosutinib monohydrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 15: niclosamide monohydrate"
  },
  {
   "word": "napsylate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid; the US spelling of WHO's napsilate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "napsilate",
     "note": "WHO (INN) spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "propoxyphene napsylate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry napsilate (USAN: napsylate)"
  },
  {
   "word": "nitrate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of nitric acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "miconazole nitrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "oxalate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of oxalic acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "escitalopram oxalate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "pamoate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of pamoic acid, 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid); the US name of WHO's embonate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "embonate",
     "note": "WHO (INN) name for the same anion"
    }
   ],
   "example": "hydroxyzine pamoate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry embonate (USAN: pamoate); also INNM para. 7"
  },
  {
   "word": "pegol",
   "kind": "inn-word",
   "meaning": "the second word of a two-word INN for a substance carrying a polyethylene glycol (polyoxyethylene) chain; the decoder keeps it in the name",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "peg-",
     "note": "the same chain can instead be named by a peg- prefix or -peg- infix"
    }
   ],
   "example": "certolizumab pegol",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "introduction and Annex 5 (names with pegol as second word)"
  },
  {
   "word": "phosphate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt or ester of phosphoric acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "oseltamivir phosphate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8: prednisolone sodium phosphate"
  },
  {
   "word": "potassium",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "the potassium salt of a medicine that is itself the acid part",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "losartan potassium",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 10: potassium clavulanate"
  },
  {
   "word": "propionate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "an ester or salt of propionic (propanoic) acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "fluticasone propionate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 21: the INN of the alcohol stays and the acid becomes -ate"
  },
  {
   "word": "proxetil",
   "kind": "ester",
   "meaning": "an ester with the group rac-1-{[(propan-2-yloxy)carbonyl]oxy}ethyl, a short name WHO coined for it",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "cefpodoxime proxetil",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 17 (table) and para. 19: cefpodoxim proxetil"
  },
  {
   "word": "sodium",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "the sodium salt of a medicine that is itself the acid part",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "sodium valproate",
     "note": "WHO order puts sodium first when the INN is an acid named with the word acid; US labels write valproate sodium"
    }
   ],
   "example": "naproxen sodium",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "paras. 10 and 12: sodium valproate, ibuprofen sodium"
  },
  {
   "word": "stearate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt or ester of stearic (octadecanoic) acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "erythromycin stearate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "section VI: erythromycin stearate"
  },
  {
   "word": "succinate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt or ester of succinic (butanedioic) acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "metoprolol succinate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "sulfate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt or ester of sulfuric acid",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "sulphate",
     "note": "older British spelling; WHO and US names write sulfate"
    }
   ],
   "example": "hydroxychloroquine sulfate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8; WHO writes sulfate (laurilsulfate = dodecyl sulfate, para. 20)"
  },
  {
   "word": "sulphate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt or ester of sulfuric acid; the older British spelling of sulfate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "sulfate",
     "note": "WHO and US spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "salbutamol sulphate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 20: WHO writes sulfate (dodecyl sulfate)"
  },
  {
   "word": "tartrate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of tartaric acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "metoprolol tartrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 8"
  },
  {
   "word": "tosylate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid (toluenesulfonic acid); the US spelling of WHO's tosilate",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "tosilate",
     "note": "WHO (INN) spelling"
    }
   ],
   "example": "sorafenib tosylate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry tosilate (USAN: tosylate)"
  },
  {
   "word": "trihydrate",
   "kind": "water",
   "meaning": "three molecules of water are bound to each molecule of the substance",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "ampicillin trihydrate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 14: a Latin or Greek prefix gives the number of water molecules"
  },
  {
   "word": "tromethamine",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "a salt with the base 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol; the US name of WHO's trometamol",
   "variants": [
    {
     "word": "trometamol",
     "note": "WHO (INN) name for the same base"
    }
   ],
   "example": "ketorolac tromethamine",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "paras. 12 and 25: dinoprost trometamol, dexketoprofen trometamol"
  },
  {
   "word": "valerate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "an ester of valeric (pentanoic) acid",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "estradiol valerate",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 21: the INN of the alcohol stays and the acid becomes -ate"
  },
  {
   "word": "xinafoate",
   "kind": "acid-part",
   "meaning": "a salt of 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid; xinafoate is WHO's short name for it",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "salmeterol xinafoate",
   "source": "radicals",
   "where": "entry xinafoate; also INNM section VI: salmeterol xinafoate"
  },
  {
   "word": "zinc",
   "kind": "base-part",
   "meaning": "the zinc salt or zinc complex of a substance",
   "variants": [],
   "example": "bacitracin zinc",
   "source": "innm",
   "where": "para. 26: bacitracin zinc"
  }
 ]
}